The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible Essay Example

The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible Paper The play, The Crucible, was set in Salem, Massachusetts, in the 16th century. This is a period made famous for the witch trials that took place in the town. The film Goodnight and Good-luck, was set in America during the 1950s shortly after television had made its debut. The two pieces both explore issues surrounding injustice, an individuals credibility and peoples reputations and reactions to information put forward. In Arthur Millers play, The Crucible, there are many ways in which people are portrayed in negative aspects from those in authority. The witch trials that took place were based mainly upon false accusations from Abigail Williams against a whole host of individuals, the main one being Elizabeth Proctor. These allegations formed the basis for the witch trials to commence, with more people accused of witchcraft as the trials ventured further. For those accused, the punishments they faced, more or less meant that their fair go at life was diminished, given that there were no redeeming paths for justice. Other people became involved with the trials as they progressed and they themselves became entangled in the intricate web of allegations. Their credibility was placed under intense scrutiny, as were their pasts, and they too stood accused of actions that had no bearing on the trials at hand. John Proctor, Elizabeth Proctors husband, was one person who became involved with the trials defending his wife. It got to the point where his reputation became tarnished as a result of the constant discrediting of the information he bought forward. One of the points he raised was that Abigail had been a servant to he and Elizabeth and had been dismissed by Elizabeth as a result of an affair that took place between Abigail and Proctor. We will write a custom essay sample on The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The film Goodnight and Good-luck and the play, The Crucible specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Proctors reasoning for the accusations placed against Elizabeth, stated that they were an attempt from Abigail to regain his loyalty by killing Elizabeth. After he had explained this to the judges, he was asked to sign the paper on which the transcript of what he had said was written, however, he would not. He then made this comment: Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and I sign lies to myself! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them hang! How can I not live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave my name! The Crucible Act Four, Page 124. The judges did not take kindly to this comment and decided that he must have been lying and subsequently came to the conclusion that he must hang. In the end, he managed to successfully defend Elizabeth, however, in the process he dirtied his own name and was subsequently sentenced to death. In George Clooneys Goodnight and Good-luck, one main portrayal of injustice occurred as a result of United States Military actions against an air force officer named Milo Radulovich, whose father allegedly had connections to the communist movement in the United States. He was asked to resign his position in the air force as a result of his fathers past actions, as he was considered a risk to national security even though he himself had not committed any offences and had a clean slate. The person who decided that Milo Radulovich was to leave the air force was Senator Joseph McCarthy. Other people once again became involved with the case, claiming that the actions taken out against the officer were unjust and that it was against the constitution. One person who became deeply involved in defending the victim and publicly making known the injustice that had taken place was Edward Murrow of CBS news. He said this about Senator McCarthy publicly on his CBS documentary show See it now. His primary achievement has been in confusing the public mind, as between the internal and the external threats of Communism. We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty. We must remember always that accusation is not proof and that conviction depends upon evidence and due process of law. We will not walk in fear, one of another. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason, if we dig deep in our history and our doctrine, and remember that we are not descended from fearful men. Source: Goodnight and Good-Luck As a result of Edward making his views known publicly, he came under fire from the authorities. He was placed under intense public scrutiny and was subjected to slander and discrimination campaigns administered by Senator McCarthy. These campaigns publicly accused Edward Murrow of taking sides and publicly broadcasting his views without knowing the whole story. The accusations were later backed up by Senator McCarthy appearing on See it now, on which he made further efforts to discredit Murrow, however these efforts did not go down well with the viewers and bought a further decline in his popularity. In the end Milo was reinstated, and McCarthys popularity was at an all time low. In conclusion, from both pieces of literature, we can see clearly that injustice handed down upon people from authorities, and the way people who tried to defend how the victims were treated, reduced their chance at a fair go in life. In each case, those originally accused, Elizabeth Proctor and Milo Radulovich, were let off the hook and their fair go at life restored. However, Edward Murrow and John Proctor suffered as a result of it. Edward Murrow managed to win over the public opinion, thus restoring an element of quality to his life but, John Proctor lost his life as a result of the trials, thus eliminating any chance he had at a fair go in life.

Is Nobody Reading Your Work

Is Nobody Reading Your Work Some days it sure feels like were writing into the air with nobody enjoying our words. Readers no longer leave comments on blogs. Few  leave  reviews for books. We cant tell if people read our magazine features unless they reply in an email, and we cringe at the open rate of our newsletters. It feels like nobodys there. Admittedly, I reply less on blogs than I used to, because its just something else to keep up with. I do try to leave book reviews, because I know how important they are, but since nobody responds to a book review, it does make one wonder if anyone notices. Were swamped with reading material, swamped with how-to-be-better material, flooded with newsletters from writers whove become editors, teachers, promoters, motivational speakers, agents, or publishers because there is more money to be made selling services to desperate writers than in simply writing. Before someone teaches me how to become a better writer, I want to know where they got their expertise. Where have they excelled? How well did they write before they crossed over? But thats too much trouble, so I usually delete their messages, too. Youve got to be a writer because you love words. And you become a writing teacher because you have a history to teach from. In this crazy time when everybody calls themselves author, when Im asked whats the best advice I can give a new writer, I say something along the lines of this: Write daily. Write because you enjoy it. Write for the long term. If you want immediate money, get a job. This writing career is about loving to tell stories. Readers want to hear about how great your story is, not how many copies you sold or how brilliant your promotion campaign was. Readers want to be lulled and drawn into a new world they  love, not sold a popular fad.

Grow Potassium Alum or Synthetic Ruby Crystals

Grow Potassium Alum or Synthetic Ruby Crystals Potassium alum or potash alum crystals are among the most beautiful and largest crystals you can grow overnight. All you need is hot water and potassium alum, also known as potash alum. Potassium alum may be sold as a deodorant crystal or in solution for use as an astringent. I got the powder for growing this crystal from a Smithsonian crystal-growing kit (labeled as potassium alum). Prepare the Ruby Crystal Solution All you need to do to prepare the crystal solution is to mix as much potassium alum as will dissolve into 1 cup of very hot water. You can add food coloring to tint the crystals. The natural color of the crystals would be clear or white. Growing the Crystals I poured the solution into a clean bowl, trying to avoid getting any undissolved material into the new container. Allow the crystals to grow overnight. If your solution is very darkly colored, you wont be able to see whether or not you have crystal growth. You can use a spoon or fork to scrape crystals from the bottom. To get a large single crystal like this one, remove all of the crystals and return a few that have the desired form to the solution so they can continue growing. Remove them and allow them to dry when you are satisfied with their appearance. Synthetic Rubies One common form taken by this crystal is a regular octahedron with flattened corners. The colored crystal resembles a ruby. In fact, the first synthetic ruby was produced by Gaudin in 1837 by fusing potassium alum with a little chromium (for color) at a high temperature. A synthetic or natural ruby has a Mohs hardness of 9, while a potassium alum crystal only has a hardness of 2 and is readily soluble in water. Therefore, while your overnight-crystals may resemble a ruby, they are too soft and fragile for any purpose besides display. Even though they arent real rubies, these crystals are well worth your time since they are so so easy and quick to grow and have such a beautiful form.

CREATE ONE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

CREATE ONE - Essay Example as demonstrated by the British Prime Minister, David Cameron, of refusing to participate in the Ukraine crisis talks, suggests that the once internationally relevant nation in history; is slowly losing its focus. In stating this, I do not wish to suggest that Britain draws its relevance or respect from its entire participation in any international crisis. Instead, I wish to point out that the nation is missing when it is increasingly required to feature, and for that, it is losing its international influence. Your article has rightly and accurately observed that Britain’s alliance is no longer central to any nation (Erlanger, n.p.). Britain did not join France and Germany when they went to hold a peace talk between the Presidents of Russia and Ukraine, as a way of resolving the Ukraine crises. However, if my memory serves me right, Britain was engaged in both the Syrian and the Libyan crises, and not just engaged, but embroiled in them. Right now, it is two of her European counterparts that are involved in a security crisis that does not only threaten the two nations, but also the entire European Union’s stability. What does Britain do in this case? She avoids the peace meeting that would resolve the crisis without creating much instability in the region. This would easily cause anyone to think that Britain is surely misplacing its priorities or does not have any at all. That however is not the greatest of my concern. The non-uniform response to crisis that has been shown by Britain is what worries me even more. Why should Britain decide to engage in the Syrian and the Libyan Crisis, but snub the Ukraine crisis peace talk? Your article has observed that Britain’s future in the European Union is unclear (Erlanger, n.p.). But even though, shouldn’t Britain be more concerned about a crisis that is looming within the European region, than it should be concerned with the crisis in the Middle East or Africa? Again, in arguing so, I do not wish to suggest that

Opening a new restaurant in New york Research Proposal

Opening a new restaurant in New york - Research Proposal Example It also helps in the management where it targets the set aims and objectives on how to attain them (Gumpert, 2004). Questions that are considered before coming up with a business plan include; what level of revenues and profits are available at that juncture? How many employees are needed to commence a company? How many locations are to be established to start with? A definite plan should also be able to reflect on the possible outcome of a shorter period like one year or below. This explains what tasks and aims should be included in the business plan to meet within one year’s time and should be successfu (Finch, 2010). Therefore, the plan will outline the type of loans that will be given to the organization, products and service involved, number of employees and their roles, staff policies, purchasing policies. The business plan is to cover the sales, objectives, strategies, marketing and financial overseas under which it helps to clarify our business ideas. It spot potential problems, set new goal and measure progress as to how the plan is structured. Therefore, this project is expected to work for eight traders who combined with their sole business and saw it necessary to come together and form a business plan. The program may help their partnership to help boost their profits (Gum pert, 2004). The major success key being utilized by the business is location. As observed earlier, the company will be located in New York, which is very populated. The company will also combine other key elements such as quality and service differentiation with the aim of attracting more customers within the shortest period. For the business to be effective, a number of staff estimated to work and help the manager include; the supply manager, purchase manager, accountant, marketing officers. In addition, advertising director, recruitment officer and subordinate staff should be included. Therefore, a single premise is evaluated to have at least

Research Proposal Essay Example for Free

Research Proposal Essay This research project is entitled ‘Safe pedestrian practices: the perception of children in Sri Lanka’. Road traffic accidents are one of leading causes of death amongst child pedestrians in low-income countries. Despite this, little research has been done into effective interventions to reduce child mortality in these countries. This study aims to provide original and useful data from Colombo, Sri Lanka which will help in the development of new or existing road safety interventions and education, particularly in relation to child knowledge and perception. The method of research involves recruiting school children aged 8-9 years from the Holy Family Convent and St. Peter’s College schools situated on Galle road, Colombo. These schools have been selected as they have similar location, one being a girls school, the other a boys school. The first part of the study involves a draw and write technique where the children will be asked to draw a picture of themselves crossing Galle road, the main road by their school. They will then be given a piece of paper with the instruction ‘tell me what you have drawn and why’. Six children from each class will be then purposively selected to take part in a focus group. Content analysis will be used when analysing this section of the results. Finally I will carry out a two day observation of child pedestrian behaviour on Galle road. Behaviour of the children will be compared using the UK’s Green Cross Code. It is estimated that the research will take approximately four weeks to complete. This includes, recruiting and gaining consent from the participants, carrying out the draw and write activity, completing two focus groups and carrying out the observational study. The estimated cost of this research  £1163. Background Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with 86% of deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries despite accounting for only 40% of motor vehicles[i]. RTAs are the overriding cause of child injuries killing approximately 180 000 children under 15 each year. Children are rarely the cause of road traffic accidents but suffer as pedestrians, cyclists and passengers[ii]. Lack of research in low-income countries has meant a slow introduction of effective intervention strategies to reduce the mortality rates. Many factors are accountable for the high RTA rates in low-income countries including impaired driving, lack of enforcement and vehicle type. However the most significant differences found in low-income countries are the wide variation in road vehicles and the high number of vulnerable road users. The mixture of road users including pedestrians, bicycles, handcarts, mopeds, rickshaws, motorcycles, vans, cars, trucks and buses means that schemes to combat this problem have not been required in the same extent in high-income countries and therefore local research is needed[iii]. Child pedestrians account for a large proportion of vulnerable road users. The high number of pedestrian and cyclist casualties in these countries reflects not only their inherent vulnerability but also insufficient attention to their needs in policy-making3. A study in Pakistan observed 250 pedestrians in the top 10 risk areas for pedestrian RTAs in Karachi. They observed walking and crossing the road and walking on the pavement. Only 60% of the pedestrians looked left and right before crossing. 52% crossed the street less than 2 seconds before a vehicle passed the point they had just crossed. 35% caused the traffic to swerve to avoid the observed pedestrian. Of the 250 pedestrians observed walking on the street edge, 82% had a pavement available to them but were not using it[iv]. Of the pedestrians using pavements 28% encountered an encroachment and 84% of these stepped on to the street to avoid it. Among those who were observed stepping on the road from the sidewalk, 66% did not look out for oncoming traffic4. Possible study limitations were that only pedestrian behaviour was studied, not actual accidents and the study sites were the top ten risk sites for RTAs in Karachi so may not be transferable to other situations. The advantage of this data is that it was carried out in a low-income country which means the findings can be drawn on for other settings. Policy changes such as restricting the amount of pavement space being used by stalls or shops and publicity to highlight the danger of such behaviour along with the important of observation when crossing roads may make a large difference to fatality rates. Risk perception has been widely studied as a risk factor for injuries however literature relating to child pedestrian safety is seriously lacking. Zeedyk et al[v] carried out research on children who had been taught a programme of road safety. They carried out two studies, both focussing on the skill of finding a safe place to cross the road. Firstly they tested the effect of the programme in improving knowledge and secondly whether the children transferred their knowledge to change their behaviour in a traffic environment. Initial results encouragingly showed that the interventions were effective in increasing the children’s knowledge of safe and dangerous places to cross roads and that this information was retained for six months. The second study however showed that this knowledge did not influence behaviour and that those children who had received knowledge on safety when crossing roads behaved no differently from those children who had receive no information whatsoever. That is the children were not applying the knowledge they had displayed during pre-testing5. The study’s main limitation is that it does not allow any further information on why the children didn’t apply their knowledge in the real situation, only that they didn’t. Research in Australia[vi] into the parental risk perceptions of childhood pedestrian road safety found that cultural risk factors significantly affected risk perception and safety behaviour. The results showed that Chinese and Arabic speaking parents perceived the road environment to be significantly less risky to their children than parents from the other two language groups. One significant limitation of this study is that assumptions were made that the language spoken by an individual was closely linked to their cultural make-up. Since the main finding was the differences between perceptions from different cultural groups it seems important that this factor is reliable. Despite this, this study reinforces the need for local research from which local interventions can be implemented. As described there is very little research on road safety in low-income countries, particularly regarding the safety of child pedestrians. Intervention strategies to help reduce child pedestrian mortality can only be implemented if the factors underlying the increasing rates are established. It is hoped this study will help to describe the behaviour and perceptions of children in a named area in Sri Lanka regarding safe pedestrian practice. The study will help build on existing knowledge of child pedestrian safety but provide an original and detailed description of the behaviour and perceptions of Sri Lankan children in a defined area. The data produced from this study will identify the knowledge and behaviour of child pedestrians, what they perceive to be safe practices and why they think this. This study anticipates highlighting the importance of child perception in safety behaviours. Child perceptions should be taken into account when considering the design of safety education programmes and road safety interventions. Research Question The background literature shows a clear gap in research into the behaviour, knowledge and perceptions of child pedestrians in low-income countries. The research question for this study is: Child pedestrian fatalities: the accountability of child perceptions in Sri Lanka The aim of this study is to discover the perceptions children in Sri Lanka have regarding road safety and specifically related to their own safety as pedestrians which may influence their risk of being involved in a RTA. The results of this study will enable a greater understanding of how a defined group of children in Colombo, Sri Lanka use the local roads, what they know about road safety, how they perceive it and therefore whether they generally behave in accordance to their knowledge and perceptions. This was discussed above by Zeedyk et al5 who found the knowledge of the children in their study did not affect their behaviour. The objectives of this study are to: Observe and record the road behaviour of children in the local area Identify what the children know about pedestrian safety Discover whether the children know why certain practices are safe Make comparisons between what the children know about road safety and say they are aware of and how they behave in the real situation Detailed Research Proposal pedestrian injury Children are particularly vulnerable to pedestrian death because they are exposed to traffic threats that exceed their cognitive, developmental, behavioral, physical and sensory abilities. This is exacerbated by the fact that parents overestimate their children’s pedestrian skills. Children are impulsive and have difficulty judging speed, spatial relations, and distance. Auditory and visual acuity, depth perception and proper scanning ability develop gradually and do not fully mature until at least age 10. Method RTA death rates in Sri Lanka totalled 11 per 100 000 population in 1995[vii] with pedestrian accidents accounting for 45% of the total fatal accidents, one of the highest rates in Asia[viii]. The research will be carried out among children in Sri Lanka. The selected site is Galle Road, Colombo which is the main road from Colombo to Galle along the west coast of Sri Lanka and is the location of a number of schools. The assumption will be made that the majority of child pedestrians walking alongside and crossing that particular road are from one of the local schools. The study population will be girls and boys aged 5-15 years old attending schools in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Research shows RTAs predominantly affect those under the age of 15 [ix]. Schools in Sri Lanka are commonly single sex which means children will be selected from 2 schools, St Peter’s College, a boys’ school and Holy Family Convent, a girls’ school. Worldwide, boys are more likely to be affected by RTAs than girls so studying boys and girls may highlight important differences which could account for such a difference between them[x] [xi]. I was unable to find any research indicating which children are most at risk of RTAs only that those under 15 are an increased risk compared to the rest of the population. Research from Canada suggests children aged 6-9 years are most at risk and in a survey on children’s road safety practice several countries including the UK, New Zealand and the US identified those under 10 as most at risk[xii]. Research such as this in low income countries is scarce. Consequently I have decided to select the age groups 7-8 and 9-10 years as my sample. The methods being used in this study have been deemed inappropriate for children under 6 to carry out. Two classes of children, aged 7-8 and 9-10 from each of the schools mentioned year group will be studied, giving a total of 4 classes. Variations in ages might allow for difference in safety knowledge due to age to be identified. For example if the younger children perceive a certain dangerous practice to be safe and the same results are found in the older children this may indicate a problem with safety education or local road dangers rather than naivety due to age.

Selfish Love in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuthering H

The Selfish Love in Wuthering Heights      Emily Brontà «'s Wuthering Heights is a classic soap opera type drama of infatuation and deceit. Brontà « advances the plot of this story in several different ways. Perhaps the most effective method and indeed the most vital parts of this story are the characters. Of all the characters of this story, Catherine and Heathcliff stand out the most. There are many similarities as well as many differences between these two characters. The two characteristics most commonly shared by Catherine and Heathcliff are love, although sometimes it's hard to tell if it really is love, and selfishness and conceitedness, so extreme at times that it is hard not to get irritated with the novel. The mixture of the love and selfishness of these two characters proves to be fatal. Time and again Catherine's extreme selfishness and conceitedness are put on display. Whether it is through deceit or betrayal, Catherine's selfishness plays an important role in almost every situation she is involved in. Perhaps due to the environments that she was exposed to growing up, Catherine becomes very conceited and selfish as a child. After returning from a stay with the Lintons, Catherine is even worse. Brontà « shows, "Our young lady returned to us, saucier, and more passionate, and haughtier than ever" (65). Catherine's actions were often governed by her extreme selfishness. In fact, her marriage with Edgar Linton was almost entirely based around what she would get out of it. In a conversation with Nelly, Catherine demonstrates this in saying, "...He will be rich, and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband," she tells Nelly (57). She has only married for m... ... similar in this aspect. Catherine would not have even been in her death bed had she not acted so selfishly with her husband and Heathcliff.    This timeless novel is one of love and deceit. The main characters of Catherine and Heathcliff never cease to amaze as their extreme selfishness ruins every situation they are involved in. When reading this book, it is easy to get lost in how dismal things are; however, by the end, the book does teach a lesson. Wuthering Heights demonstrates many things. Though the characters of this book were far exaggerated, and at times frustrating, they teach a very distinct lesson. Love is not meant to be selfish, and if it is, it will never work. The selfish love of Catherine and Heathcliff causes almost every conflict in this book.    Work Cited: Charlotte Brontà «.   Wuthering Heights.   New York: TOR Books, 1989.     

Science, Philosophy and Society

Subject: Science, Philosophy and Society Question: Do you know you are not in the Matrix, and does it matter? From my understanding, I am not live in a real life, I live in some kind of system such as Matrix Philosophers and physicists were discussed a lot about the matrix that we live in, so and they gave much more ideas about the computer simulation and a real life. From my point of view, we are absolutely live in the matrix, and the life is not real that we live. I think the world is somehow like a system and everything depends on one another. And I have enough clear reasons and examples to prove that. So if we think carefully and logically, we can admit that the life we live in is not real. Why?Let's think logically, about on the planet Earth that we live in. If the moon was just a little bit further or closer away from our planet how that would affect and change everything and if we were further closer to the sun how that would affect and change everything and how our body has these complex functions process oxygen and sunlight what it produces and we it's so complicated. And how we create, so we have been created right everything that we create in our society starts with a thought by our brain. The world we live in feels normal and ordinary. It feels like this is just how humans exist and always existed. But its not. According to my understanding, our planet is going round its axis, and we can not live on the planet than from the planet Earth. We are protected by the layers of the sky, and we are given air and water for our lives, and we will do other important things for survive by ourselves. For example; we are creating different types of physical and intelligent techniques to make things physically easer, and we are contrive different kind of products to use; we cultivate different kinds of plans to eat. If we do not do these things, we can not possibly imagine our lives. So from my understanding, it's just like a perfectly structured program, and we've got this perfectly structured program, we have to play for alive and we have programmed into this planet Earth. Maybe my ideas are wrong, but think carefully, that our brain and body is such a perfectly structured system. For example; if we smell, hear, eat, touch, or see anything, we can not say it's all real because everything we fell that automatically will send signals to our basic system which is brain. So we can easily say it is somehow like a system. If we do not have a brain we can not feel at all. Take an example of the stomach, and this is very complex such as other organisms is works like a system. So single cell of the 10000 trillions cells in our body actually has its own intelligence, yes is it incredible but when we zoom it, we can see it like a universe.Furthermore, how do we know that anything is exists how do we know there's a world outside my mind I look around there a world of cars and tables and trees and buildings how do really that any of it is real I think none of them is real, so why? Because, many things that we see and the physical objects is not to show us the truth it is to hide the truth so that we do not have to deal with all that complexity and we have a little eye candy for our species that let us do what we need to do to stay alive. So we can see only outsides and we cannot see inside that things and as will as any kind of very little things. We can only see things simpler, but it will look totally different when we look at it with microscopic, closely-distinct, and distant proximity devices. For example, we cannot see bacteria floating in the air, so millions of different kinds of bacteria fly in the air we breathe. We cannot afford to see very small insects and neither plants. So I admire that everything that we see is not real. We see and feel this truth, but that does not mean we live in real life. We only see tenth of what we see around us, this mean we only see falsehood but not real.I believe that all people are created by Allah and live in a real life. And I want to say an example of a book created by God, the book is called Quran. If we take Islam from a religious point of view, if we see the Quran which is 1400yrs old, still mentions many facts which is we are not live in real life, for example we cannot see and feel any kind of the soul and the snouts, and this cannot be seen by human eyes, but animals can see it and also they can be seen on the camera images we are just living in a system that God has created, but we can see real life after we die. Some people may claim that the Quran was changed as new scientific facts were discovered. But this cannot be the case, because it is a historically documented fact that the Quran is preserved in it is original language. A Quran was written down and memorised by people during the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad.Thank you for your time.

Global Wine War Essay

Introduction Human beings have been dealing with wine for thousands of years, from the Mesopotamians to the ancient Egyptians, from the Greeks to the ancient Romans, the latter which under their vast empire spread viticulture through the Mediterranean region. Through centuries countries, such as France and Italy, obtained a consolidated position in the wine industry, both in demand and production. In the last part of the 20th century newcomers (Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile, USA, etc.) have successfully challenged the leadership of the so-called Old World that represented the majority of global market share. Wine Industry Analysis using the Porter’s Five forces Model A brief Porter’s five forces analysis can help understand how the evolving of competitive environment is actually composed and why this market shake occurred. Figure 1. 1: Porter’s Five Forces Model For what concerns the threat of new entrants; the Old World companies completely underestimated this threat. When the newcomers entered the market they could bargain market share of the pre-existing ones without facing real opposition, exploiting better marketing strategies and more efficient organizational approaches. Regarding to the threat of substitute products; this seems to be a challenge for the future, with the introduction of branding as a marketing approach; the threats from the beer industry and â€Å"soft drinks† producers must be taken into account. Referring to the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers, the entrants are in a much better position because of bigger production plants which allow them to gain a stronger contractual power towards distributors; moreover their value chains are more concentrated removing the troubles of the too much fragmentation and variety of actors between the producer and the consumer, which on the contrary, Old World’s competitors are facing. Furthermore analyzing the rivalry among existing competitors it is possible to understand that the traditional producers are facing much more difficulties, because they cannot exploit advantages the newcomers have, such as professional management, large marketing investments and economies of scale and scope. Unfortunately, these are not the only intricacies they are bearing with; the pre-existing producers have always been in competition one against the other, making it more difficult to achieve competitive advantages through cooperation. Eventually the newcomers are concentrating their action in the new growing markets while the old ones are still mainly struggling in the Old World declining markets. Network value analysis It is also of a relevant importance introducing the Chain Value Model that was at first presented by Porter in â€Å"Competitive Advantage. Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance†. This model was introduces in order to better understand the activities through which a firm, in particular a wine firm, develops a competitive advantage and creates shareholder value (fig. 1. 2). Concerning the primary activities we can see that in both the inbound and the outbound network logistics, the NW producers managed to reduce costs of transport and warehousing, exploiting new technologies of packaging (an example is the Australian â€Å"wine-in-a-box† instead of the classic glass bottle. ) Analyzing the outbound logistics, it is possible to explore the fact that as consequence of being big multinationals the newcomers can bargain power of the distributors, carving out margins which the European competitors are not able to gain due to the excess of fragmentation which reduce contractual power towards the distributors. With reference to the inbound logistic a major role in reducing costs per unit is played by mechanization and scale economies, which are widely exploited by the NW producers. The same advantages are reflected on the operations where mechanization of harvesting and scale are making the incumbents competitors more profitable, moreover they are also exploiting scope economies, while in the Old World, the fragmentation and the wide specialization, which were the strength of the systems now are showing themselves as weaknesses. Figure 1. 2: â€Å"Chain Value Model† by Michael Porter The use of new technologies and new organizational approaches are also incident on the quality of the final product, which is granted by the integration of the processes and an efficient network strategy by the newcomers, while in the OW these challenges have not been answered yet. One of the largest disadvantages the mature competitors are facing concern the activity of marketing and sales, where due to the newcomers approach they are loosing the market confront. The Old World is exploiting factors largely underemployed by the Europeans, the use of professional marketing, market researches try to understand and forecast the market in order to be more responsive to the real needs of the demand. The correct use of branding from part of the NW producers is resulting as one of the strongest competition advantage towards the OW ones. Concerning the support activities the situation does not vary, the new-comers have advantages in the firm infrastructures mainly because of a more efficient organization of the all networks and because of a better organization and integration of the production chain. As regards to the Human Resources Management the differences are mainly a consequence of the different organization types of the actors of the market; in the New World the companies are organized as multinationals with professional managers and marketers, in the Old World the firms are often too small, fragmented and in competition among them to have access to such resources. On the side of technology development the newcomers are exploiting the new technologies in order to gain efficiency and quality, developing new mechanical tools and new approaches mainly regarding harvesting. Completely different is the approach of the New World competitors, strongly opposing the use of new technologies providing quality with a traditionalist method, an unfortunate approach for gaining market share. In terms of procurement it is unclear if there are advantages of one system towards the other. The outcome of the analysis shows how the New World could gain market share against the Old World, challenging a domination that lasted for centuries. 1. How did the French became the dominant competitors in the increasingly global wine industry for centuries? What sources of competitive advantage were they able to develop in order to support their exports? Where were they vulnerable? * Competitive advantage sources: history and traditions; know-how; experience; strong internal demand; world wide quality recognition; leader in wine sector for centuries. * Weak areas: fragmented chain of production; too strict regulation and classification; scarce innovations; no differentiation of the product; poor marketing; no branding bargaining power. As wine production grow up in the Mediterranean area, this alcoholic beverage became more and more blended with cultures, religious traditions and everyday life in the area that now is called the â€Å"Old World†. Wine first uses and its complex production made it not accessible for all, actually it was considered a luxury good. But centuries of development in the production process, like vineyard horses or row plantations, innovations in the distribution and preservation of the wine, like cork stopper or mass production of glass bottles, made it affordable for everyone generating a strong internal demand in countries such us French, Italy, Germany and so on. Specifically, regarding France, in 1966 the domestic demand accounted for 120 liters per capita and it became the country with the higher consumption of wine, followed by Italy with 110 liters. In order to better understand the dimension of the market, in the same year in Australia, USA and UK the annual per capita consumption was far less than 10 liters. In France, wine was not only highly consumed in every house, but it became one of the business strengths of the country. Actually it was the second largest French export, because History and tradition made the French wine synonymous of quality in the whole world. Moreover, since there were hundreds of different types wine, French government codified a hierarchical classification (Appellation d’Origin Controllee – AOC, Vins Delimites de Qualite Superieure – VDQS, Vins de Pays) and nurtured the concept of terroir to help consumers recognize their finest wines in a highly fragmented market. This significantly strict regulation was an important innovation that made the difference among the main competitors, such as Italy or Spain. French source of competitive advantage was not only the century know-how that permitted to have a high quality wine and the strong internal demand, but also the demand coming from the neighboring countries without a highly developed wine industry. Wine producers, in many countries of Europe, were isolated from each others, and most of the world’s wine drinkers consumed either local wines or imported from close winemakers. This tradition made the fortune of France, since the climate and the soil in the United Kingdom didn’t allow grape growing enough to satisfy the huge internal demand, British were forced to import from the closest producer. The century tradition was an advantage for the French wine because it was a symbol of quality, but it was also a drawback, because it fiercely limited the flow of innovation and development concerning the production, distribution and branding of wine. Moreover, since the whole production chain was fragmented in many segments, there was a lack of economies of scale and integration that had terrible results in market power of the French producers. Actually branding was poor or even not existing and a number of small producers with very small bargaining power were incapable to deal with retailers as supermarkets loosing market visibility and the connection with the whole segment of customers. The direct competitors, the Old World producers, were all in the same situation: fixed to the traditions and unable to satisfy the increasing fast-changing consumer tastes and preferences. The fact that they had been the market leaders for centuries made them unconscious about the possibility of new hardened competitors growing in the New World. 2 What changes in the global industry structure and competitive dynamics led France and other traditional producers lose their market share to challengers firm Australia, US, and other New World countries in the late 20th century? In the last twenty years, the worldwide wine industry has become increasingly internationalized and sophisticated, though over the years, the market has become fragmented, international, multi-lingual, operating in many currencies, and information-intensive. The wine industry globally faces continued shake-up and consolidation and the generation of mega wine companies has become inevitable as no one wine company – listed or private – currently has more than one percent of the world wine market, in stark contrast to other beverages. Global wine showed solid growth in volume terms in recent years, up nearly two percent to 25,066 million liters. Still red wine provided much of the impetus for volume growth in the world wine market over survey period, with sales rising nearly 12% between 1998 and 2003. However, volume growth of global wine was dampened by changing patterns of consumption in important Western European markets, like Italy, France, Portugal and Spain, as younger consumers moved away from traditional everyday wine drinking to more occasional consumption. Globally, the two countries that are leading the wine production and consumption businesses are France and Italy. However, the irony is that these two countries are also witnessing a steady erosion of their global market share. In our opinion there are five key success factors that we have identified that are extremely relevant to compete favorably in the global wine industry: * a strong existing domestic market * domestic market growth potential * economies of scale advantage * industry adaptability to change and * potential to attract foreign investment. First, a strong domestic market is one where a large volume of wine is purchased and where consumers readily select domestic wines. Second, even more important is the potential for growth in a producer’s domestic market, as this shows if opportunities for additional sales exist where producers may have local knowledge and other native advantages such as local distribution. Third, countries where production is dominated by larger firms have the advantages of scale and scope as well as improved power in promoting and pushing their wines to consumers and retailers. Fourth, industry adaptability to change summarizes the willingness of producers to experiment with cost saving production methods or to pioneer new marketing techniques. It also indicates if producers are free from excessive regulations or blind adherence to long standing traditions. Finally, countries that have business-friendly climates, favorable costs or other natural comparative advantages will attract foreign investment in wine production, which makes these countries stronger global competitors. Old World producers were the first to define tastes and quality standards and they have traditionally been supported by a strong local consumer base. The New World has had to work hard to build their wine industry, both in infrastructure and reputation. Large scale wine production is relatively recent, and many of the New World producers faced difficulties such as currency collapse, prohibition and international sanctions. Per-capita consumption also lags that of the Old World countries. Yet New World producers have recently been successful in producing consistent quality wine and in capturing global market share. .The group with the strongest competitive position includes Australia, Chile and the United States. Australia and Chile both have small populations that provide for a tiny domestic market with little potential for growth. However they are very well positioned to produce and export wine with their adaptive, large-scale producers and their great lure for foreign investments, providing them with a position of a strong competitive advantage. The US is a populous, affluent nation, and while the US wine market is already large, it has even more potential to expand. With all other key success factors strongly favorable, the US also possesses significant competitive advantages. The countries with the weakest competitive advantages in the global wine industry are two traditional strongholds of wine production in the Old World: France and Germany. While they have large domestic markets, there is little opportunity for further growth. There are many causes of the decline of France, and the Old World in general, in the market share of this sector; these concerns globalization, changes in the demand, more responsive strategies of the rivals and also the lack of market research and marketing investments by the French firms and totally ineffective technology and innovation policy. Moreover, the concentration of production into small wineries, complex labeling practices and inability to leverage new production and marketing techniques does also not bode well for effective competition in a global market place. Nor does either country hold much potential for attracting foreign investment, save for some traditionally undervalued areas of France, like Languedoc. In response to the shrinking costs of transport, globalization allowed companies situated in different areas of the globe competing in the same final market, an example is the UK one, where in the past the demand was completely satisfied by French, Italian and German wines. Although consumption per person has decreased in traditional consuming and producing countries (Italy, Spain, France), the consumption and production of wine is increasing in new countries in northern Europe, Americas and Asia. Countries like South Africa, Australia, Chile and Argentina are radically modifying the industry’s competitive environment. With the â€Å"globalization† of the wine market, the environment is becoming more competitive and producers are implementing new strategies. We can observe two very different production and marketing models. * The traditional French model, based on the certificate of guaranteed origin (AOC), whose objective is to turn out a high added value typical product in limited quantities through the combination of a demarcated territory called terroir and enforcement of constraining specifications and regulations. * The second, is being implemented by producers in the so called New World (the United States/California, Australia, South Africa, Chile, Argentina). It is based on â€Å"industrialized† mass production and intense marketing of relatively standardized products which are easily identifiable through private brands. There are different observable relationships between the players and the production sites in the industry. In this context, the French wine industry appears to be in an insidious or even open crisis. In most producing regions, a major symptom is the decrease in domestic sales in a context of market shrink. In addition, there is a loss of export market shares which is estimated at ten points in several countries that have traditionally been markets for French such as Great-Britain, Germany and Canada. In these cases, these losses are not due to an overall market decline, which is actually on the rise, but rather to the increase in competition by producers who are mostly from the southern hemisphere (Argentina, Chile, Australia, South Africa) and California. The real alleged weaknesses of the French wine industry have been the subject of numerous analysis and reinforcement proposals: regulations which are too strict and consequently slow down innovation, a complex and hard to understand product supply, minimal or even no effort made concerning promotion and marketing. Furthermore, we believe that the main mistake lies in the structural organization of the wine industry in France. Hence, we would like to not concentrate on the wine product and its specific qualities but will try to compare the way the industries’ players are organized, in order to analyze where the French industry is not adequate to modern challenges. The terroir/AOC model has been a reference for worldwide wine production until the 1980s but it is no longer the case in the early 2000s. Why is France’s position on the international wine markets degrading while New World wines experienced spectacular improvements and now aim at catching up with traditional â€Å"Old World† products? From an organizational point of view the terroir/AOC model seems to have a certain number of cumulative weak points in comparison to the new world’s model (identifiable with Porter-like clusters.) In terms of the supply structures, the French established supply model and infrastructure are characterized by fragmentation and a high number of small winemakers that have a negative effect on investment capacities (material or immaterial) in the industry as a whole. This fragmentation has certainly a negative effect on the ability to innovate in terms of products, processes and even marketing and selling. The small scale of businesses and lack of tradition as regards pooling resources do not allow producers to find the financial means necessary for heavy investments. This weakness tends to neutralize the local industry’s reaction capability when it faces the new environment pressures. The fragmented supply chain is, indeed, both the cause and the consequence of a â€Å"non-competitive/non-co-operative† tradition among producers; individual strategies of traditional producers aim to avoid all forms of comparison with neighbours and potential competitors. This lack of cooperation is, in Porter’s perspective, one of the major weak points. On one side, for New World producers, wine-making is an economic activity and is taken on as such: producers define output, profit and market share growth objectives and give themselves the means to reach them. On the other, for traditional terroir producers, wine production, though highly lucrative, is not taken on in its economic dimension but rather centered round the â€Å"cultural† nature of the product. The â€Å"New World producers are turned towards innovation, the terroir is founded on immutability of tradition; it is consequently strongly resistant to change. Terroirs’ organization model is traditionally supply driven in a context of scarcity. This avoids producers to think about productive environment and production method change. Consequently, traditional producers have had trouble in considering both the qualitative and quantitative evolution of demand and its consequences on supply, where â€Å"New World† producers are used to have a proactive behavior and, therefore, anticipating and stimulating it. And even when the need to change is implemented, the existence of tight regulation within a specific AOC can make a substantial product modification or production method more difficult to happen. A further set of identifiable weak points is linked to the nature of the top-down complementary relationships between grape growers and wine traders and to the transaction costs that result. The terroir/AOC† model of organization tends to generate opportunistic behaviour that can call into question its very survival, specifically in a very competitive context. In fact, while the perspective of getting an AOC label encourages players to enhance production quality, it may lead to let up on efforts made to maintain product quality once the label has been obtained, interfering with the overall image of the terroir and raising suspicion as regards product quality. To particularly highlight is the existence of incomplete contracts between grape growers and winemakers/wine merchants, the latter being responsible for the marketing of the product. This â€Å"generates considerable price variations and makes it impossible to set up contracts that guarantee traders constant and adequate wine supplies in terms of quantity and quality. The problem can spread to wines beyond generic wines and condemns, in advance, all ambitious and viable marketing strategies from the traders. † The presence of extremely heterogeneous quality levels within the same appellation can thus call into question the appellation itself and therefore the whole of the â€Å"terroir/AOC† organization and strategy. To avoid such opportunistic behaviours, autonomous certification bodies should be entitled to reconsider such certification on a regular basis and ban weak products/producers. The industry’s players themselves or a third party must assume responsibility for product quality guarantee. A major terroir organization characteristic is fragmentation and corporatism. Consequently, taking responsibility for such guarantee scheme is extremely difficult owing to incompatible corporatist and general interests. What is more, the existence of non-market regulation mechanisms (based on, for example, family or friendship ties) can in this case be counter-productive. Indeed, players can be tempted not to sanction one of their kin in the name of these relationships and later themselves avoid possible sanctions, whereas the intervention of a third party that is likely to guarantee this quality is difficult to promote with local entities. Under the AOC label, regulation is indeed carried out at local level by local players themselves and therefore known to be rather lax: making it impossible to use the label as a genuine quality guarantee. 3. 1 What advice would you offer today to the French Minister of Agriculture? To the head of the French wine industry association? To the owner of a mid-size, well regarded Bordeaux vineyard producing wines in the premium and super premium categories? * French Minister of Agriculture: increase government investments in the wine industry; promote a responsible wine consumption of wine through events marketed at the new generation; create a new clear classification system based on the consumer tastes; promote the creation of big companies and disadvantage the proliferate of little-medium producers; sign contracts with other agriculture ministers of consumers countries in order to favour the French wine. * Head of the French wine association: better integrate the network; quickly spread the know-how, techniques and innovations throught the French producers; promote wine events to increase the consumptions; promote the invention of new products made with wine; try to anticipate the next changes in the consumer tastes; advertise and invest more on the type of wine that is preferred by the consumers in that very moment; make advertisement aimed to a responsible and wealthy consumption of wine; try to drive the consumption to the type of wine that is over offered; lobbying the ministry of agriculture in order to have grants and privileges. * Owner of the mid-size, well regarded Bordeaux vineyard: found a bigger company with the surrounding producers; invest in innovating the production process in order to increase the quantity and the quality; buy extensive land in the New World and exploit economic scale advantages. 3. 1 Possible advices to the French Minister of Agriculture Since the main objective of France is to take back the market share of the past and maintain the leader position in the wine market, it has to better exploit its competitive advantages and adopt some technical and marketing innovations in order to compete and defeat the new threatening producers. The first functional recommendation for the French Minister of Agriculture is to increment the government investments in the wine industry. The larger flow of money would be used, firstly, to invent or to develop techniques and tools for harvesting or farm vineyards, secondly, to achieve and overtake the distribution and marketing level of the New World producers. All those developments will also increase the production of wine and fulfil a larger portion of the international demand. In the last ten years, the new generation has grown with a high consumption of beer and super-alcoholic cocktails, the French Minister could aim to substitute these beverages with the wine. He might promote a responsible wine consumption through events directed to the new generation. It is important to advertise wine as a drink for all ages instead of a refined beverage just for mature people as this would implement the demand from part of the younger generation. One of the common problems of wine consumers is choosing which kind of wine and which brand purchase at the supermarket. This issue could be solved with a classification of brands and wine names that could be easily understood and memorized by the consumers. Quality can be maintained and highlighted also gathering the large number of different types of wine in few clusters with easy names to remember. This problem is also due to the large number of brands in the market. The majority of potential consumers are confused and at the end they prefer to buy a bottle of beer of a well known brand. It’s possible to overcome this situation promoting the creation of big companies and disadvantage the proliferation of little-medium producers. Big companies bring into the market well-known brands, which massively increase producers’ market power. In order to increase the French market power compared with the direct and New World competitors’ ones, the French Minister of Agriculture could sign contracts or agreements with other agriculture ministers of consumers countries in order to favour the French wine. Since, UK, one of the larger consumer countries is next to France, it would be easy to find something to exchange for a commercial agreement. 3. 2 Possible advices to the head of the French wine industry association As the Head of the French wine industry association to manage and represent all the wine producers, its objective is to promote and give advantage to its associates. Furthermore it would be useful to advise him to promote a better integration of the wine production process from the vineyards to the final consumer. This issue could be achieved through a cooperation or collaboration between the wine producers, merchant traders and the retailing sector. A superior control, permitted by this form of collaboration, avoid more handling stages, holding less inventory, capturing the intermediaries’ mark-up, sharing common objectives and improving the time to market. Moreover, the cooperation can spread the know-how, technique and innovation through all the French associates. It is really important to promote higher investments in R&D in order to fill the gap that has occurred between France and the other New Word competitors. New innovations and technologies bring new developments and improvements to overtake and succeed on the marketing and distribution level of the competitors. Concerning the distribution, communities, retailers, and consumers are demanding more sustainable, eco-friendly packaging options, whether for everyday items or higher end purchases like fine wine. For some products, the barrier to conversion has been package performance. Therefore would be important to spread the use of â€Å"green† materials to pack and deliver the products. Since the French has never developed an efficient marketing strategy it has been difficult to align the interests between supply and demand. The French wine association has to try to anticipate the next changes in the consumer tastes, by means of market surveys and data collected through an effective wine industrial analysis. It is also important to drive the offer towards to the type of wine that is preferred by the consumers in that very moment. On contrary it is possible to drive also the demand and not only the supply of wine. Guiding the consumption towards the type of wine that is over offered or over produced it is hoped to avoid sure future losses. Nowadays people are blasted with advertisement that recommends not consuming wine because it is unsafe for the drinkers’ life. There will be an increment of demand persuading consumers that a little quantity of wine is not dangerous but rather really healthy, in particular the consumption of red wine. As well as the French Minister of Agriculture the Head of the French wine industry Association might promote and arrange wine events to increase the new generation consumption of wine. 3. 3 Possible advices to the owner of a middle size well regarded Bourdeaux vineyard producing wine and premium and superpremium category The main issue for French wine producers in the actual competitive environment, considering how the newcomers are acting and consequently gaining market share, is size. One of the challenges each small producer has to face is a competitive market without boundaries, totally changed from what it was only 10 or even 5 years ago, in which large multinationals are now efficiently operating. There is no univocal solution to this problem, but a few advices could be given to small or mid sized European companies. In order to gain advantage in terms of scale but even scope, the best way is to control the full production chain. From the vineyard to the glass, this can be obtained through either acquisition of neighbour producers, merging with other companies to better integrate or forming and exploiting networks. Each winemaker should analyze the market, an affordable process, and identify its possible cooperation/competition strategies. Maximum control over the value chain can often guarantee that the final product is produced and sold at the company’s standards. One of the troubles the incumbents have to face is the inconstant quality often found within the same wine denomination. Bottles often sold at very high prices, due to a very lousy quality denomination system, are ruining the reputation of the other products of the same wine group. This is unacceptable as it ruins the whole regional system, but a solution can be found through the aforementioned network implementation or radical integration.

A Hermeneutical Critique on the Conquest Essay Essays

A Hermeneutical Critique on the Conquest Essay Essays A Hermeneutical Critique on the Conquest Essay Essay A Hermeneutical Critique on the Conquest Essay Essay Essay Topic: Poes Poetry The Representation of the brush between white settlers-invaders and autochthonal peoples in Jeannette Armstrong’s â€Å"History Lesson† and Susanna Moodie’s Rough ining it in the Bush differ greatly in a figure of ways. Writing at different times. for conflicting intents. from opposing points of position every bit good as utilizing different literary mediums- the ensuing representation of the brush between the white and autochthonal groups are inherently contrasting. Depicted as a lesser. more barbarous race in Rough ining it in the Bush every bit good as the victims of savageness and ‘civilisation’ in â€Å"History Lesson† . Native representation in the two plants are peculiarly dissimilar. nevertheless settler attitudes in both are based upon discriminatory and racialist ideals of the clip. and this can be seen in their brush. The function of faith besides helped determine the natives’ brush with the colonists. it is presented in a ludicrous manner in â€Å"History Lesson† every bit good as in a slightly nescient manner in Rough ining it in the shrub. Despite her at times minimizing linguistic communication. Moodie does show some regard and grasp of the Natives’ features. an involvement that is non-existent in â€Å"History Lesson† . nevertheless despite her just mindedness. her sentiments are still tinged with racism and an authoritarian white –supremacist sentiment. Writing about her experiences in the 1830’s in Canada. Susanna Moodie’s Rough ining it in the Bush is an history of life as a female colonist at the clip. Published as a usher to Britons sing emigrating. her authorship is ethnographic. analyzing assorted groups such as those immigrating to Canada. the colonists in Canada every bit good as the autochthonal Natives. In the Chapter â€Å"The Wilderness A ; our Indian Friends† . Moodie is confronted for the first clip with Native Americans. whom she describes as â€Å"a people whose beauty. endowments. and good qualities have been slightly overrated. and invested with a poetical involvement which they barely deserve. † As her first vocalization associating to the Natives. this sentiment serves to be instead belittling and surprising. As she believes they have received excessively much â€Å"poetical interest† . and their evident positive qualities â€Å"overrated† . Moodie goes on to compose. â€Å"Their honestness and love of truth are the finest traits in characters otherwise dark and unlovely. † Despite an effort at complimentary authorship. her Language here is extremely minimizing toward the Natives. and in their brush it is clear she sees herself superior to them. Her usage of â€Å"dark† refers to their cryptic personality every bit good potentially their skin color. The air of white colonist high quality nowadays in Rough ining it in the shrub is drastically magnified in Jeannette Armstrong’s verse form â€Å"History Lesson† . nevertheless the White persons are portrayed as inferior in footings of actions. In contrast to Moodie. Armstrong is composing from the Native’s point of position. telling the invasion of the white encroachers following Christopher Columbus’s initial expedition to the Americas. Her composing serves as a counter-history. supplying a version of events from the Natives position that have throughout history been seen as barbarous enemies of civilisation. It is argued. â€Å"Throughout recorded clip. empowered groups have been able to specify history and supply an account of the present. A good illustration of this is the portraiture of wars between Indians and White by Canadian historiographers. † It is this impression of white ruling history that Armstrong challenges in â€Å"History Lesson† . In the first stanza. Armstrong writes ; Out of the abdomen of Christopher’s ship a rabble bursts Runing in all waies Pulling furs off animate beings Shooting American bison Shooting each other left and right Armstrong ironically depicts the white encroachers as barbarians in this stanza. with small to state between them and animate beings such as the American bison referred to in line 5. Christopher Columbus’s â€Å"discovery† of the Americas is whittled down to one line. Using really informal linguistic communication. â€Å"belly† and â€Å"Christopher’s ship† denotes a peculiarly non-impressive image unlike most word pictures of his ocean trip in white histories. The usage of the word â€Å"mob† conjures beastly intensions once more frequently attributed to Native Americans. Equally good as picturing the brush between Natives and white encroachers. Armstrong besides indicates the oncoming consequences of colonising on the Natives’ land. â€Å"Pulling off furs† every bit good as literally diagrammatically picturing the barbarian nature of the Whites when runing animate beings. besides refers to the fur trade set up following colonisation of Canada. The mindless brutality continues with the shot of American bison every bit good as shot of each other. The deficiency of definition between the two. and the insouciant nature of the lines highlights the Whites animalistic and barbarous nature. every bit good as the deficiency of integrity between the European colonists. In this stanza â€Å"Jeannette Armstrong conveys the force of abstraction of â€Å"Colonialism† by telescoping it into a graphic imitation of huffy physical activity† . In contrast to â€Å"History Lesson† where the Whites are judged on their actions. in Rough ining it in the Bush Moodie ab initio analyses the Natives visual aspect and common traits. Moodie provinces. â€Å"The work forces of this folk are by and large little of stature. with really harsh and abhorrent characteristics. † Following this entirely deprecating description. there is a continuance of animate being like comparings â€Å"the detecting modules big. the rational 1s barely developed ; the ears big. and standing off from the face ; the eyes looking towards the temples. lament. snake-like† In both literary texts. the opposing group is represented as animalistic. albeit metaphorically in â€Å"History Lesson† and much more literally in Rough ining it in the Bush. Using important linguistic communication throughout. Moodie seems to be speaking down to the Native peoples. Her ceaseless insisting on mentioning to the Native peoples. within which there were 55 different linguistic communications and legion folks. as â€Å"Indians† besides shows a clear deficiency of desire in larning the civilization. a white attitude typical of â€Å"History lesson† every bit good. Although being an advocator of peace. her apprehension of the nature of white- native dealingss seems slightly off. Representing the pickings of Native land as being â€Å"Passed into the custodies of strangers† . suggests it was peaceable and non questioned. due to the inactive verb â€Å"passed† . However this is entirely contrasting with â€Å"History Lesson† in which the truer nature of the struggle is depicted. Religion plays a important function in both word pictures of the brush between white colonists and the indigens. Christianity. and the manner in which it was thrust upon the Natives is mocked in â€Å"History Lesson† . whilst Moodie finds the Natives’ apprehension of the faith lacking. despite her entire deficiency of cognition of the Natives’ spiritualty. Armstrong writes. â€Å"Father average good? waves his stopgap wand forgives round-eyed Indians† Mentioning to a Priest as â€Å"Father mean well† is a sarcastic simplification of English footings. proposing his purposes are good but small else. â€Å"Waves his stopgap wand† is a peculiarly unusual manner of depicting a rood. with â€Å"wand† proposing its charming as opposed to spiritual. Writing from a Native point of position nevertheless it is clear intending given to such objects mean small to those that do non imply such significances. and Armstrong instills in the reader the apprehension that Christianity in the oculus of the Natives is about ludicrous. In the self-deprecating line â€Å"forgives round-eyed Indians† Armstrong twists racism about. with her fellow Natives the abused in order to demo its true ignorance. Moodie in comparing. composing for her place countrymen. reacts angrily in what she perceives every bit excessively much of a captivation with a adult male made blade. â€Å"For several yearss they continued to see the house. conveying along with them some fresh comrade to look at Mrs. Moodie’s God! –until. annoyed and annoyed by the delectation they manifested at the sight of the eagle-beaked monster. I refused to satisfy their wonder by non bring forthing him once more. † Moodie represents the indigens as nescient and naif. nevertheless her choler at their involvement shows her close-mindedness in footings of religion. This can be seen once more when Moodie writes â€Å"Their thoughts of Christianity appeared to me obscure and unsatisfactory. They will state you that Christ died for work forces. and that He is the Saviour of the World. but they do non look to grok the religious character of Christianity. nor the full extent of the demands and application of the jurisprudence of Christian love. † Both literary texts are likewise in that Native comprehension of Christianity is missing. nevertheless it is of class non they’re chosen religion and so this is apprehensible. Mentions to the Garden of Eden can be found in both texts. as Armstrong writes â€Å"Somewhere among the remains of skinless animate beings is the expiration? to a long journey and unhallowed hunt for the power glimpsed in a garden forever closed everlastingly lost† Armstrong likens the new universe to the Garden of Eden. another signifier of Utopia disturbed by human action. Despite clear efforts at conveying Christianity to the Natives. she refers to the whole ordeal as â€Å"unholy† . owing to the awful actions of the colonists. Moodie’s find of the countries natural beauty and naming of already known stones and other objects is besides similar to the scriptural narrative. Yet Moodie sees herself as Eve. as opposed to the destroyer of it. In â€Å"History Lesson† there are several recognitions of the weaknesss of Colonization and Capitalism that are to come following the brush between Whites and Natives. As Armstrong writes â€Å"Pioneers and bargainers bring gifts Smallpox. Seagrams and rice krispies† She once more references the Bible. with the likelihood to the birth of Christ and the three Kings. However the gifts are awful. unwellness. alcohol addiction and peculiarly insubstantial modern nutrient that of no usage and no demand to the Native with their established diet. Typifying her statement. she states â€Å"Civilization has reached the promised land† like the unashamed nature of advertisement. Armstrong ironically includes the tagline â€Å"snap. crackling and pop† to exemplify the inutility to Natives White/US civilization has become. The desolation continues as in stanza 7 she writes â€Å"The giant? in which they trust while burying take a breathing woods and Fieldss beneath concrete and steel stand agitating fists waiting to mangle whole civilisations ten coevalss at a blow† The brush between the Whites and Natives is represented as lost. for the natural admiration of the state is buried â€Å"beneath concrete and steel† . with â€Å"whole civilisations. 10 coevalss at a blow† ready to be mutilated. Despite cases of missing understanding and credence on Susanna Moodie’s portion in Rough ining it in the Bush of the Natives and their beliefs and characters. she does exhibit some tolerance and recognition of their many accomplishments and positive qualities. As Moodie provinces. â€Å"The fondness of Indian parents to their kids. and the respect which they pay to the aged. is another beautiful and touching trait in their character. † Her brushs with them are represented as peaceable and humbling. as she notes their humbleness in having nutrient â€Å"The Indians are great impersonators. and possess a nice tact in following the imposts and manners of those with whom they associate. † However despite her sort rhetoric. her superior racist attitude frequently prevails. â€Å"During better times we had treated these hapless barbarians with kindness and liberality† . Frequently excessively happy to return to the usage of â€Å"savages† . she surely does non give the Natives much regard as is due. much like the brush in â€Å"History Lesson† . As J R Miller writes. â€Å"the ethnographic attack to the survey of autochthonal peoples was debatable because it was a descriptive portraiture that rendered Natives inactive and unchanging. † This is the instance with Moodie’s portraiture of the indigens. as it is clear their manner of life is seen as backward in her authorship. Much of this nevertheless is to make with the birthplace environing Rough ining it in the Bush. However the brush between the different groups in her authorship is peaceable. intriguing and surely non every bit black as in â€Å"History Lesson† . In both texts the common subjects of misinterpretations. faith and racism arise and aid to determine the representation of the brush between the white and native groups. with two really different word pictures of the brush and its effects. Bibliography Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851. James S Fridered. Native Peoples in Canada- Contemporary Conflicts. Canada. 1988 Jeannette C Armstrong A ; Lally Grauer. Native Poetry in Canada- A Contemporary Anthology. Canada. 2001 J R Miller. Contemplations on Native Newcomer Relations-Selected Essays. 2004. Canada Jeannette C Armstrong. History Lesson Native Poetry in Canada- A Contemporary Anthology. Canada. 2001 I was able to derive farther penetration into the subject of white settler/Native dealingss utilizing the book ‘Native peoples in Canada-contemporary conflicts† . I was able to larn more of the manner in which the history between these two groups has been documented. and this in bend enabled me to further understand the representation of the brush between them in the two literary texts. I found this book in the library. Native poesy in Canada enabled me to better understand the significance of Armstrong’s initial stanza. I found this utilizing Google books. J R Miller’s book. Contemplations on Native Newcomer Relations once more enabled me to better understand the historical certification of native/white dealingss in Canada. Again I found this in the library. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - – [ 1 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 2 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 3 ] . James S Fridered. Native Peoples in Canada- Contemporary Conflicts. Canada. 1988. p4 [ 4 ] . Jeannette C Armstrong A ; Lally Grauer. Native Poetry in Canada- A Contemporary Anthology. Canada. 2001. p 24 [ 5 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 6 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 7 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 8 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 9 ] . Jeannette C Armstrong. History Lesson Native Poetry in Canada- A Contemporary Anthology. Canada. 2001 [ 10 ] . Jeannette C Armstrong. History Lesson Native Poetry in Canada- A Contemporary Anthology. Canada. 2001 [ 11 ] . Jeannette C Armstrong. History Lesson Native Poetry in Canada- A Contemporary Anthology. Canada. 2001 [ 12 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 13 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 14 ] . Susanna Moodie. Rough ining it in the shrub. The wilderness A ; Our Indian Friends. Canada. 1851 [ 15 ] . J R Miller. Contemplations on Native Newcomer Relations-Selected Essays. 2004. Canada. p16.

Analysis of front cover of best Essay Example for Free

Analysis of front cover of best Essay â€Å"Best† is published by ACP-NatMag and falls into the category of woman’s lifestyle magazine. Best has to compete with some other major magazines such as Reveal and Bella. Best’s front cover has to make an impression on its audience by making itself bright, bold and bubbly. This is achieved using different methods to entice the reader, with extremely eye-catching colours such as pink, yellow, blue and white which clash, using Fern Britton in the traditional picture used on every magazine, and through human interest stories as well as shocking stories which further invite the reader to buy the magazine The main story line ‘Drop 7lb Faster’ suggests that the magazine is trying to tempt the audience into learning the secrets of a celebrity diet, but actually only tells the reader a fraction of what to do on the inside. Eventually, as the audience is not fully aware that there will not be the best tips and information inside, the reader still has become interested and wants to find out more. After the reader has looked into the main eye-catching story, the reader is left almost feeling cheated after the promise of a weight loss programme. The audiences’ eye is drawn to this as it is positioned to the left at the top of the page, right below the masthead.. The words in the phrase are used in the typical sans serif font, but with striking colours. It is located just underneath the Best logo in a contrasting colour which immediately draws attention to itself. The bright and bold text is the biggest size used on the cover besides the masthead, as the logo is most important. It clearly stands out from any other object on the cover. The word ‘Faster’ is actually italicised, this leads to the word looking as if it is actually moving, going faster, almost blurring away from the other words. The television presenter, Fern Britton, is placed on the right side of the magazine, as the biggest photograph on the cover. The image of the presenter is conventional for this type of magazine, she is around the same age as the targeted audience, making her a potential â€Å"friend†, where she is acting as a symbol, almost as a mothering figure, someone you can relate to. She is a striking image compared to the bland white background which she is placed on. She looks straight out at the audience in a confident manner, smiling at the audience in a friendly way, reinforcing that the magazine is trying to make itself appear to be a friend to the reader. She is wearing a formal black dress which provides an interesting contrast between her and the background. Despite the celebrity status she appears to have in the photograph, she is pictured lower down to her right in a normal everyday situation with her child. The photograph almost makes the reader feel like that is her and can relate to her like family. The title next to the picture, ‘FERN – HRT has made me a NICER MUM’ is in a direct form of address which makes the audience feel like they are being spoken to directly. It is in a big, bright, contrasting colour compared to the background photograph. Also, the way the magazine refers to Fern, is almost as if the audience are close to her. As well as fulfilling some of the audience’s needs, i. e. makeshift friendship, it suggests that because the magazine refers to the presenter in a close way, the audience is getting advice from a celebrity. One of the cover lines is cleverly written to entice the audience even more than any other story. Because it offers simple ways for â€Å"9 EASY DINNERS†, most women would be interested in learning the secrets of quick appetising meals, as 5 dishes are displayed in images. However it is possible that the readers could somehow feel disillusioned because as they read on to they find that the meals actually take around 45 minutes to an hour. One other cover line â€Å"SISTERS OF COURAGE† stands out from the others, as it is not in big, bold multicoloured, yet in smaller red sans serif font, with bullet point styled border on a white background. This can make the impression that it’s a shocking story. The picture to the right of the cover line is of two normal looking sisters, together, with an exclusive tag underneath. This can make the reader feel smug as they are reading a story that other magazines may not posses. The phrase underneath the cover line is somewhat exaggerated slightly as it quotes â€Å"We broke our silence to JAIL our EVIL DAD†. The three words, JAIL, EVIL and DAD are in a dark red, bold font. As red is seen to be an evil colour, it emphasises the words more to make them more dramatic and shocking. â€Å"My 3 Miracles, mended my broken heart underneath† is a cover line with a photo of triplets. The three are placed on a bright pink background, easily noticeable. The triplets make a bold contrast as the colours are completely different to the background, making the image stand out. Yet as it does this, the photograph is a heart warming, enticing the reader to read on. Again, the way that the phrase is being displayed, it further reinforces that the magazine is your friend talking directly out to you in a informal manner, almost like the other person telling the story is there, next to reader. In conclusion, the BEST editor has used a proven publication model to entice the fickle public to purchase and read its magazine in preference to a competitor. Analysis of front cover of best. (2017, Aug 04).

Gun Control Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gun Control Law - Essay Example On the other hand, critics of gun control argue that the government has failed to ensure the safety and security of public life and therefore use of guns for self-defense is a human right. In their opinion, nobody can return a life once it is taken by another person. Under such circumstances, the right of a person to protect his life is a natural one and gun control laws would prevent people from executing their natural rights with respect to self-defense. Different politicians have different views about gun control. Obama is taking a cautious approach while dealing with topics related to gun control. In his opinion, â€Å"the Second Amendment protects the right of individuals to bear arms, but he also identifies with the need for crime-ravaged communities to save their children from the violence that plagues our streets through common-sense, effective safety measures† (O'Connor). In other words, Obama has neither advocated nor criticized the gun control laws. He respects the right of people to bear arms; at the same time, he expresses his concern about the misuse of guns, especially by children. Obama should make his points clearer. It is difficult for a passenger to travel safely through a river if he keeps his legs in two different boats. Being the president of America, Obama should take a firm stand in favor of gun control rather than playing politics. Obama should realize that banning handguns only would save the lives of thousands of people since gun at, tacks are more severe than all other kinds of attacks. A person who possesses a gun will try to use it whenever he gets agitated by the activities of others. Even for silly things, he may take out his guns and he will realize the consequences of his action only after some days. The confession of Plaxico Burress seems to be relevant here. A week after he walked out of Oneida Correctional Facility in upstate New York has served a 21-month sentence for attempted criminal possession of a weapon, former Giants wide receiver Plaxico Burress said; "I've paid a tremendous price for a bad decision.